By Benjamin Samuels Many security-critical off-chain applications use a simple block delay to determine finality: the point at which a transaction becomes immutable in a blockchain’s ledger (and is…

Key Insights Finality times in crypto networks are an important consideration for future applications, and high-value applications may require the fastest possible "true finality" time. Networks that support fast finality may have an advantage over slower…

How safe is it to accept a bitcoin transaction after X confirmations? A deep dive into the math behind quantifying double-spend risk.

Entrepreneur, distributed systems engineer, and investor.